Queen Rania of Jordan

Rania Al Abdullah
The Queen at the World Economic Forum, 2010.
Queen consort of Jordan
Tenure 7 February 1999 – present
Proclamation 22 March 1999
Spouse Abdullah II of Jordan
Issue
Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan
Princess Iman
Princess Salma
Prince Hashem
House Hashemite
Father Faisal Sedki Al Yassin
Mother Ilham Yassin
Born 31 August 1970 (1970-08-31) (age 40)
Kuwait City, Kuwait
Religion Muslim
Jordanian Royal Family
Coat of Arms of Jordan.svg
  • HM The King
    HM The Queen
    • HRH The Crown Prince
    • HRH Princess Iman
    • HRH Princess Salma
    • HRH Prince Hashem

HM Queen Noor

Extended royal family

Rania Al Abdullah (Arabic: الملكة رانيا العبد الله‎ Rānyā al-‘abdu l-Lāh) (born Rania al Yassin on 31 August 1970) is the current Queen consort of Jordan as the wife of King Abdullah II of Jordan.

As a global figure, and considered by some to be one of the world’s most powerful women,[1] Queen Rania has focused her energy, at home and abroad, on a variety of causes, notably education.

In Jordan, her work focuses on the calibre and quality of education for Jordanian children, while abroad she advocates for global education and for world leaders to fulfill their commitments towards the second Millennium Development Goals, Universal Primary Education.

Contents

Personal life

Rania Al-Yassin was born in Kuwait to Palestinian refugee parents from Tulkarm. She attended school at New English School in Hawalli Kuwait, then earned a degree in Business Administration from the American University in Cairo. Upon her graduation from university, Queen Rania returned to Jordan and pursued a career in banking, working for Citibank, followed by a brief career in the field of Information Technology, at Apple Computer in Amman.[2]

Marriage and children

She met Jordanian King Abdullah bin Al-Hussein, then Prince, at a dinner party in January 1993. Two months later, they announced their engagement and on 10 June 1993, they were married. They have four children:

Becoming Queen of Jordan

Although her husband ascended on 7 February 1999, Rania did not become Queen immediately. She was proclaimed Queen of Jordan by her husband on 22 March 1999.[3] Without proclamation, she would have been a princess consort, just like her mother-in-law, Princess Muna al-Hussein.

Areas of work

Since her marriage, Queen Rania has used her position to improve the livelihood of various sectors of society in Jordan and beyond. In India, she works closely with Abhiroop Gupta for charitable trusts.

Domestic agenda

Education

Michelle Obama hosts Queen Rania in the Yellow Oval Room

Over the past few years, Queen Rania has launched, championed, and given patronage to a number of initiatives in education and learning.

In April 2008, Queen Rania launched “Madrasati” (“My School”), a public-private initiative aimed at refurbishing 500 of Jordan’s public schools over a five year period.[4] In October 2005, the King and Queen launched, in partnership with the Ministry of Education, an annual teachers’ award, known as the Queen Rania Award for Excellence in Education,[5][6]

Queen Rania established the Kingdom’s first interactive children’s museum to encourage and nurture lifelong learning for children and their families.[7] The Children’s Museum of Jordan opened its doors to the public on May 23, 2007.[8]

Queen Rania is also Chairperson[9] of the Royal Health Awareness Society (RHAS).[10]

At the higher education level, and as part of Queen Rania’s support for education and development, the Queen Rania Scholarship Program[11] was established in partnership with several leading universities from around the world.

Community empowerment

Queen Rania's first venture was the establishment of the Jordan River Foundation (JRF) in 1995.

The Jordan River Children Program (JRCP) was developed by Queen Rania to place children’s welfare above political agendas and cultural taboos.[12] This led to the launch, in 1998, of JRF’s Child Safety Program, which addresses the immediate needs of children at risk from abuse and initiated a long-term campaign to increase public awareness about violence against children. The deaths of two children in Amman as a result of child abuse in early 2009 led Queen Rania to call for an emergency meeting of government and non-government (including JRF) stakeholders to discuss where the system was failing.[13]

In 2009, to celebrate the 10th anniversary of her husband's accession to the throne, Queen Rania launched a community champion award (Ahel Al Himmeh) in March to highlight the accomplishments of groups and individuals who have helped their local communities.[14]

Sustainability

Queen Rania actively supports the development of Jordan’s sustainable tourism sector, backing organizations as the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature.[15] Through her involvement, the Queen is helping to promote Jordan as a safe, welcoming, and unique tourism destination that offers modern services on the one hand, with authenticity and heritage on the other.[16]

Since 2007, Rania has supported the partnership between the World Heritage Alliance Sustainable Tourism (WHA), (a membership-based initiative launched in 2005 by the United Nations Foundation (UNF) and Expedia, Inc.), and the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.[17]

Youth

Queen Rania believes that an essential aspect of education is to equip youth with the necessary skills that enable them to perform well in the workplace.[18] She is a strong supporter of the Junior Achievement World Wide, which was established by Save the Children in 1999 and launched as a Jordanian non-profit organization by the Queen in 2001.[19] In her capacity as the Regional Ambassador of INJAZ Arabia, Queen Rania has taught classes, joined youth around the world in frank dialogue sessions, and launched INJAZ’s presence elsewhere in the Arab world.[20] At the 2008 World Economic Forum in Davos, she launched the "Empowering One Million Arab Youth by 2018" campaign, which was conceived by INJAZ Arabia.[21]

Ensuring educational and job opportunities for youth is also why Queen Rania initiated the Al Aman Fund for the Future of Orphans in 2003.[22] She has also partnered with a number of international universities providing scholarships for Jordanian students to study abroad.[11]

Global agenda

Global education

In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative.[23] The Queen works alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children.[24] In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children.[25] In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative (UNGEI).[26]

As a long time supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE),[27] Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009.[28] Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, “Maha of the Mountains”, was contributed by Queen Rania.[29] In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name.[30][31]

During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch "The Big Read" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children.[32] She was also hosted by first lady, Michelle Obama, during that same trip.[33]

On August 20, 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the "1GOAL: Education for All" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London, Britain.[34] Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world’s biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education.[35] On October 6, 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide.[36] Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this “tragedy into triumph” and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments.[36]

In 2008, Queen Rania participated in YouTube's In My Name[37] campaign. She appeared alongside Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am in the video, "End Poverty - Be the Generation,"[38] which urged world leaders to keep the promises they made in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit.[39]

Cross-cultural dialogue

Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world.[40] She has used her status (Forbes magazine ranks her within the world's 100 most powerful women in 2009)[1] to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world.

Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum,[41] the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University,[42] and the Skoll Foundation[43] in the UK.

Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world.[44] She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on May 17, 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and women's role in Islam.[45][46][47] For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009[48] and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008.[49] For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award.[50] from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace.

International forums and foundations

Queen Rania with Gordon Brown on World Economic Forum 2008

In September 2002, Queen Rania joined the World Economic Forum (WEF) Foundation Board.[51] She is also on the Foundation Board of the Forum of Young Global Leaders.[52]

Over the years, Queen Rania has attended WEF many times, and participated in panels, plenary sessions, and private sessions that have dealt with diverse topics, including corporate global citizenship, youth, education reform, women, sustainability, global citizenship, philanthropy, and multiculturalism.[53][54][55][56][57][58]

In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.[59]

When it comes to youth, in early 2002 Queen Rania joined the Board of Directors of the International Youth Foundation, based in Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States.[60] In September 2006, Queen Rania also joined the United Nations Foundation Board of Directors.[61] The UN Foundation builds and implements public-private partnerships to address the world’s most pressing problems, and broadens support for the UN through advocacy and public outreach.[62]

Microfinance

In September 2003, Queen Rania accepted an invitation to join the Board of Directors of the Foundation for International Community Assistance (FINCA), thus formalizing a relationship of support and advocacy which began in 2000.[63]

An emissary for the United Nations’ International Year of Microcredit in 2005, Queen Rania’s belief in microfinance and her partnership with FINCA[63] has generated more Jordanian micro-businesses, with the official opening of FINCA Jordan in February 2008.[64]

Online

Queen Rania has reaffirmed her reputation as one of the most modern of royals through her use of online social-networking tools such as YouTube, Facebook and Twitter.

YouTube

On 30 March 2008, Queen Rania launched her own YouTube channel, initially to invite viewers to give their opinions of the Middle East and talk about stereotypes they may have of Arabs and Muslims.[65] Between March 30 and August 12 (International Youth Day), Queen Rania posted videos on YouTube in which she asked people to send her their questions about Islam and the Arab world.[66] She provided responses to those questions and explained the truth about various Arab and Muslim stereotypes. Over five months she posted videos on subjects that included honor killings, terrorism and the rights of Arab women.[67] International personalities such as Dean Obeidallah,[68] Maz Jobrani,[69] and YouTube star Mia Rose[70] also contributed videos to the campaign.

Queen Rania also links some of her recent interviews to her YouTube channel, such as her interview with Wolf Blitzer in CNN’s “Situation Room”, in April 2009. During this two part interview, Queen Rania discussed the importance of education.[71] Queen Rania also uploads other videos on topics close to her heart, such as her appeal to support UNRWA’s work in Gaza following the Israeli assault in late December 2008/early January 2009.[72]

Facebook

Queen Rania is also a member of Facebook, with her own fan page aimed at engaging people to discuss cross-cultural dialogue, education, and more recently, the use of social media to create social change. Along with her YouTube videos that have been uploaded, photos of her personal and public life can be found. As of July 8, 2010, over 254,900 people have "Liked" her page.[73]

Twitter

To coincide with the visit of Pope Benedict XVI to Jordan on Friday, 8 May 2009, Queen Rania started using the micro-blogging website Twitter with the username @QueenRania.[74] On the occasion of the World Economic Forum held at the Dead Sea in Jordan, June 2009, Queen Rania conducted her first Twitter interview, answering five questions from the general public via her Twitter account.[75]

When she joined Twitter, she also gave an interview with TechCrunch on “how Twitter can help change the world”, where she said It’s about using social media for social change: creating a community of advocates who can use their voices on behalf of the voiceless, or leverage their talents, skills, knowledge, and resources to put more children into classrooms, or pressure their elected representatives to get global education top of the agenda.[76]

Her tweets have ranged from the personal, including photos of herself and her family, to more serious topics like the typhoon Ketsana in the Philippines, the 2009 Iranian election protests, peace in the Middle East, and promoting Jordan, global education, and initiatives like 1GOAL.[77] As of August 5, 2010, fifteen months after joining the site, Queen Rania had over 1,312,000 followers.

Publications

As a tribute to King Hussein, and on the first anniversary of his death, Queen Rania produced “The King’s Gift”, a children’s book about King Hussein. Proceeds of the book go to the benefit of underprivileged children across Jordan.[78]

Queen Rania's second book, entitled “Eternal Beauty”, which she wrote in celebration of Mother’s Day 2008 tells the story of a young girl’s conversation with a little sheep as she searches for the most beautiful thing in the world. The book was released as part of the Greater Amman Municipality’s contest – Mama’s Story.[79]

For the 2009 Big Read event, Queen Rania wrote “Maha of the Mountains”, which tells of a young girl’s determination to get an education and the challenges she faced.[29]

The Sandwich Swap is a book inspired by an incident in Queen Rania’s childhood. It tells the story of Lily and Salma, two best friends, who argue over the ‘yucky’ taste of their respective peanut butter and jelly and hummus sandwiches. The girls then overcome and embrace their differences. The book was co-authored by Queen Rania and Kelly DiPucchio. It was released in April, 2010.[80][81] In May, 2010 the book went to the top of the New York Times Bestseller List for children's books.[82]

Titles and styles

Titles and styles

International roles and positions

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 The 100 Most Powerful Women: #76 Queen Rania, Forbes Magazine, 19 August 2009.
  2. ↑ "Profile: Jordan's Queen Rania", BBC 7 November 2001.
  3. ↑ "King proclaims Rania Queen". Jordanembassyus.org. http://www.jordanembassyus.org/032299002.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  4. ↑ "Madrasati.jo". Madrasati.jo. http://www.madrasati.jo/site.html. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  5. ↑ Queen Rania Award for Excellence in Education.
  6. ↑ Queen launches award to honor school principals, April 15, 2009.
  7. ↑ King, Queen join Jordanian children at opening of children's museum, Jordan Times, 23 May 2007.
  8. ↑ "Childrens' Museum of Jordan". Cmj.jo. http://www.cmj.jo/. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  9. ↑ Queen Rania chairs first meeting of Royal Health Awareness Society, 7 September 2005.
  10. ↑ "Royal Health Awareness Society". RHAS. http://www.rhas.org.jo/. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 CraigMead Thursday, May 27, 2010 (2010-05-27). "Queen Rania Scholarship Program". Queenrania.jo. http://www.queenrania.jo/education/students/scholarships. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  12. ↑ Interview with Il Messaggero, 13 May 2008.
  13. ↑ Queen calls emergency meeting to discuss child abuse cases, Jordan Times, 14 May 2009
  14. ↑ "Ahel Al Himmeh". Himmeh.jo. http://www.himmeh.jo/?q=english. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  15. ↑ Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature, Royal Patrons, Funders and Supporters.
  16. ↑ Conde Nast World Savers Congress, New York, United States, 23 September 2008.
  17. ↑ World Heritage Alliance for Sustainable Tourism Announces Partnership to Protect Jordan’s World Heritage Sites, World Heritage Alliance, 31 October 2007.
  18. ↑ Interview: Gateway to the Middle East, 2009.
  19. ↑ INJAZ for the creation of economic opportunity for JOrdanian youth.
  20. ↑ INJAZ Kuwait Launch, 24 November 2006.
  21. ↑ Queen Rania launches campaign to prepare 1 million Arab youth for workforce, 24 January 2008.
  22. ↑ Orphans' future security depends on society's commitment, contributions, Jordan Times, 22 January 2004.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Queen Rania Joins UNICEF Leadership Initiative, U.N. Wire, 15 November 2000.
  24. ↑ Jordan's Queen Rania shares school bench in Soweto township, Monsters and Critics, 27 March 2009.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Queen Rania becomes UNICEF’s first Eminent Advocate for Children at the World Economic Forum, UNICEF, Press Centre, 26 January 2007.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Queen Rania designated as Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls’ Education Initiative (UNGEI), UNGEI, 15 July 2009.
  27. ↑ "Global Campaign for Education". Campaignforeducation.org. http://www.campaignforeducation.org/. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  28. ↑ A Promising Glimpse of Africa's Future Can Be Found in Its Children, Huffington Post, 27 March 2009.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Maha of the Mountains, The Big Read, The Global Campaign for Education, 2009.
  30. ↑ Youth leaders in Soweto greet Queen Rania of Jordan, UNICEF, 30 March 2009.
  31. ↑ Queen Rania of Jordan, reads her story to children and announces her role as Honorary Chair of Action Week, Global Campaign for Education, 27 March 2009.
  32. ↑ Jordan's Queen Rania, Congresswoman Nita Lowey Launch 'The Big Read' Global Education Campaign, Huffington Post, 21 April 2009.
  33. ↑ The First Lady and Queen Rania, White House Blog, 23 April 2009.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Queen lends support to 1GOAL initiative, Jordan Times, 21 August 2009.
  35. ↑ "1GOAL: Education for All". Join1goal.org. http://www.join1goal.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=53&lang=en. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Queen joins world leaders in launching 1GOAL campaign, Jordan Times, 7 October 2009.
  37. ↑ In My Name, YouTube Channel.
  38. ↑ “” (2008-09-22). "End Poverty - Be the Generation". Youtube.com. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRyMxSS-KI0. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  39. ↑ "Celebrities Join YouTube at UN to Launch Poverty Campaign", Huffington Post, 26 September 2008.
  40. ↑ Queen underscores need to promote cross-cultural dialogue, Jordan Times, 19 September 2005.
  41. ↑ Queen Rania addresses Jeddah Economic Forum, urges global community to plant seeds of acceptance, dialogue, peace, 25 February 2007.
  42. ↑ Keynote Address, Harvard University, 3 May 2007.
  43. ↑ Queen Rania Al Abdullah Remarks at Skoll World Forum, 27 March 2007.
  44. ↑ YOUTUBE EXCLUSIVE: Send me your stereotypes, Queen Rania Channel, YouTube, 30 March 2008.
  45. ↑ Meet the World's Youngest Queen, Oprah.com, 17 May 2006.
  46. ↑ Queen Rania on Oprah Winfrey, Part 1, 17 May 2006.
  47. ↑ Queen Rania on Oprah Winfrey, Part 2, 17 May 2006.
  48. ↑ North South Prize Acceptance Speech, 16 March 2009.
  49. ↑ Queen Rania Accepts YouTube Visionary Award, 22 November 2008.
  50. ↑ "Seeds of Peace, to Present Peacemaker Award to Her Majesty Queen Rania Al-Abdullah of Jordan. - Free Online Library". Thefreelibrary.com. 2007-05-02. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Seeds+of+Peace,+to+Present+Peacemaker+Award+to+Her+Majesty+Queen...-a0162850144. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 QUeen Rania, Member of the World Economic Forum Foundation Board, World Economic Forum.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Foundation Board for Young Global Leaders, World Economic Forum.
  53. ↑ Queen, multi-stakeholders gather in promoting public private collaboration for Global Education at WEF, 27 January 2007.
  54. ↑ An empower(red) Queen Rania explores movement of social empowerment and civic engagement with WEF panel, 19 May 2007.
  55. ↑ Queen Rania calls on WEF community and larger audience to deconstruct prejudices, 19 May 2007.
  56. ↑ Queen Rania in China - Day Three Queen Rania attends opening of 'New Champions' Inaugural Annual Meeting; takes part in Young Global Leaders Annual Summit, 6 September 2007.
  57. ↑ WEF-Empowerment of Women, 23 June 2003.
  58. ↑ “Sustainability changes the way you look at your fellow human beings,” said Queen Rania at the Dead Sea World Economic Forum, 16 May 2009.
  59. ↑ Focus on leadership as Queen Rania opens YGL Dead Sea Summit, 13 May 2009.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 HM Queen Rania Al-Abdullah of Jordan Joins International Youth Foundation's Board, 22 March 2002.
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 HER MAJESTY QUEEN RANIA JOINS BOARD OF UNITED NATIONS FOUNDATION, 13 September 2006.
  62. ↑ "United Nations Foundation". Unfoundation.org. 2010-06-16. http://www.unfoundation.org/about-unf/. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 FINCA’S FINCA International Welcomes Queen Rania Al Abdullah, First Lady of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, to Its Board of Directors, 15 September 2003.
  64. ↑ Queen highlights power of microfinance, tours FINCA Jordan microbusinesses, 26 February 2008.
  65. ↑ Queen Rania Launched YouTube Channel, USA Today, 31 March 2008.
  66. ↑ "Queen Rania takes on stereotypes", BBC, 25 July 2008.
  67. ↑ "Jordan queen wraps up YouTube plan on stereotypes", The Guardian, 11 August 2008.
  68. ↑ "Queen, Comedians Use YouTube To Fight Stereotypes", The Washington Post, 31 July 2008.
  69. ↑ "Blowing up: Maz Jobrani pokes dangerous fun at Middle Eastern stereotypes", Time Out, Chicago, 2008.
  70. ↑ Mia Rose and Hanna Gargour sing "Waiting on the World to Change", YouTube, 30 June 2008.
  71. ↑ Queen: Education a top priority, YouTube, 25 April 2009.
  72. ↑ Hell on Earth, YouTube, 16 January 2009.
  73. ↑ Queen Rania's Facebook page
  74. ↑ Queen of tweets: Jordan's Rania announces Pope's arrival on Twitter, 8 May 2009.
  75. ↑ Twitter interview with Queen Rania, World Economic Forum, 12 May 2009.
  76. ↑ An Interview with Queen Rania of Jordan on how Twitter can help change the world, TechCrunch, 19 May 2009.
  77. ↑ QueenRania. "Queen Rania's Twitter Page". Twitter.com. http://www.twitter.com/QueenRania. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  78. ↑ The King's Gift, Queen Rania Al Abdullah, Amazon.com, 2000
  79. ↑ Ahead of Mother’s Day, Queen Rania announces winners of “Mama’s Story” competition highlighting importance of reading, Jordan Times, 20 March 2009
  80. ↑ The Sandwich Swap, Amazon.com, 2010
  81. ↑ "The Sandwich Swap". CSMonitor.com. 2010-04-27. http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/Book-Reviews/2010/0427/The-Sandwich-Swap. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  82. ↑ Schuessler, Jennifer. "Books - Best-Seller Lists - The New York Times". Nytimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/pages/books/bestseller/. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 
  83. ↑ Queen Rania announced as Honorary Chair of Global Action Week, Global Campaign for Education, April 2009.
  84. ↑ Every Child Council, GAVI.
  85. ↑ ICRW Leadership Council
  86. ↑ Arab Open University, Board of Trustees.
  87. ↑ Zaharicom WebDesign. "Operation Smile". Operationsmile.jo. http://www.operationsmile.jo/aboutus/facts/. Retrieved 2010-06-20. 

External links

Queen Rania of Jordan
Born: 31 August 1970
Royal titles
Preceded by
Noor Al-Hussein		 Queen consort of Jordan
22 March 1999 – present		 Incumbent